Twilio

This page will show you how to send text messages through Twilio from Python:

• What to collect from the Twilio console
• Which security definition and outgoing REST connection to create
• How to send a message from a service and read Twilio's response

Collecting Twilio config

You'll need three details from the Twilio console:

• The Account SID, which is AC followed by 32 hexadecimal characters, in the Account Info section of the console's home page
• The auth token, in the same section
• The sender, which is a phone number of the account in E.164 form, such as +12025550100, or the SID of a Messaging Service, which begins with MG

Creating Zato connections

First, create a Basic Auth definition under Security → Basic Auth - Twilio signs in each request with the Account SID as the username and the auth token as the password:

Next, create an outgoing REST connection under Connections → Outgoing → REST:

Sending a message

The service below will:

• Build the message from the input it received
• Send it to Twilio
• Return the ID Twilio gave the message and its status

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Zato
from zato.server.service import Service

class SendTwilioSMS(Service):

    name = 'sms.twilio.send'
    input = 'to', 'text'

    def handle(self):

        input = self.request.input

        # The message in Twilio's format ..
        message = {
            'To': input.to,
            'From': '+12025550100',
            'Body': input.text,
        }

        # .. get the connection to Twilio ..
        conn = self.rest['Twilio SMS']

        # .. send the message ..
        response = conn.post(message)

        # .. make sure Twilio accepted it ..
        if not response.ok:
            code = response.data['code']
            reason = response.data['message']
            raise Exception(f'Twilio error {code}: {reason}')

        # .. and tell our caller what Twilio said.
        self.response.payload = {
            'message_id': response.data['sid'],
            'status': response.data['status'],
        }

After invoking the service you'll see:

{"message_id": "SM9f2c5a1e8b7d4c3a2f1e0d9c8b7a6f5e", "status": "queued"}

Twilio answers with 201 Created and the message in the queued status, which means it has been accepted and is waiting to be passed to the carrier.

Sending through a Messaging Service

A Messaging Service holds a pool of the account's numbers and chooses the sending number for each message. To send through it, replace From with MessagingServiceSid:

message = {
    'To': input.to,
    'MessagingServiceSid': 'MG2d8f4b6a1c3e5f7a9b0c2d4e6f8a1b3c',
    'Body': input.text,
}

Errors

When Twilio does not accept a message, it answers with a 4xx status and a JSON body whose code and message say why, e.g.:

{
  "code": 21211,
  "message": "Invalid 'To' Phone Number: +1202555",
  "status": 400
}

For such a response, the service above raises an exception with the code and the message, and the code is described in Twilio's error dictionary.

Test credentials

The Twilio console also has a test Account SID and a test auth token, under Account → API keys and tokens. Messages sent with them are accepted or rejected as with real credentials, but they are not delivered and they are not charged for.

To use them, create a second Basic Auth definition and REST connection with the test credentials, and send from +15005550006. The recipient number determines the outcome:

See also

Learn more